Torch for removing defects from billets



May 8, 1934. E. H. HENDRICKS I TORCH FOR REMOVING-D'EFECTS FROM BILLETS l -2 sheets-sheet 2 Filed Dec.. 8, 1930 W /M .HTTGHNEYS Patented May s, 1934 1,958,044

UNITED sTATEs'PATENr ori-"lcsI TORCH FOR REMOVING DEFECTS FROM BILLETS Edward H. Hendricks, Poland, Ohio Application December 8, 1930, Serial No. 500,740 Claipns. (Cl. 15S-27.4

The present invention relates to the treatment and which is simple in construction, comparativeofsteel billets and ingots for the purpose ofre- 1y cheap to manufacture, readily operable in the moving surface defects such as scabs, seams, hands of a workman of ordinary intelligence, and lapped metal, or cracks caused by the cooling and which is effective to deliver a flame of predetershrinking of the billet, which, if not removed mined shape capable of cutting the billet in the 60 prior to the subsequent rolling operations, are vicinity of the defect with an action akin to that inimical to the finished products such as sheets, of a chisel or a gouge, with resultant production plates, bars, or the like into which the metal of of a depression in the surface of the billet which the ingot is ultimately formed. is relatively shallow in comparison to its width l0 It has heretofore been the practice to remove and thus not of a character to produce defects in 65 defects of the character aforesaid by chipping the articles into which the billets may subsethem out with hand or air operated chisels in quently be formed. 4 such manner that a relatively Wide and shallow Other objects, operations, advantages and novel groove or depression is formed in the ingot adjafeatures of design; construction and arrangecent the place at which the defect existed, a ment comprehended by the invention are hereingroove or depression of this character being subafter more particularly pointed out or will be stantially unobjectionable during the subsequent readily apparent to those skilled in the art from treatment of the ingot as it is not reproduced or the following description of the practice of the does not otherwise show up in the finished prodmethod by the use of torches of the character uct as does a narrow and relatively deep crack of those to which reference has just been made.

or fissure. However, this method of removing de- However, I desire it to be understood that the fects is objectionable because of the amount of vpractice of my improved method of removing surtixne and labor required, so that attempts have face defects from billets and the like is not been made to cut out the defects with a gas cutrestricted to the use of the particular forms of ting torch of ordinary construction and thus torches hereinafter disclosed, although I have 80 adapted'to produce a cylindrical or pointed flame found in' practice that they are well adapted which necessarily causes a narrow deep cut or ltherefor and their use will consequently be genergroove in the ingot the sides of which must thereally preferred. after be tapered or flared upwardly and outward- In the said drawings, in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive ly from the bottom to the surface of the ingot to I have shown one form of my improved torch, 85 thereby bring the cut to the approximate shape and in Figs. 6 to 11 another form thereof, certain or form of the depressions resulting from the use of the figures in each case being designed to illusof hand chisels in order to prevent it from aptrate the Vpreferred manner of making one of the pearing in one form or another in the finished constituent parts of the torch. More particularproduct. Thus, while the time and labor requi- 1y, Fig. 1 is a central, longitudinal section of the' 90 site for actually cutting out the defect is decreased first form as it appears when assembled for use; by the use of an ordinary gas cutting torch, the Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of the parsaving is largelyoifset by ,the necessity for theretially finished blank from which the torch tip is after suitably shaping the cut or fissure formed preferably constructed; Fig. 3 is an end view of by it in the metal, so that the ultimate saving the completed tip, and Figs, 4 and 5 are respeceiected over the use of manually or air operated tively sections thereof on lines 4-4 and 5-5 in chisels is not so great as might at i'lrst appear. Fig. 3 looking in the directions indicated by the Therefore, an object of `my invention is to pro-y arrows. The other form of the torch to which vide a novel `method of removing surface defects I'have referred is illustrated in the other figures,

from billets and ingots with much greater rapidity of which Fig. 6 is a view of the assembled torch 100 than is possible when manually or air operated in central longitudinal section and thus generally chisels or the like are employed, yet which re corresponding to Fig. l; Fig. "lisa front end view sults in leaving the billet in condition for'further thereof. Fig. 8 is a view partially in elevation rolling or other operations without the necessity and partially broken away into section of. the.

for dressing up the sides of the cut or depression partially` finished blank from which the torch 105 formed, in the vicinity of the defect when the lattip is preferably constructed; Fig. 9 is a side eleter is cut out. vation of the completed tip; Fig. 10 is a central A further objectgof the invention is the provisection of the latter on the line 10-10 in Fig. 9

sion of a novel form of cutting torch adapted for looking in the direction of the arrows, and Fig the performance of the tmethod of my invention 1l is a centrallsection of the tip cover removed 110 1 v from the tube 2 to from the tip connector and tip. Similar symbols of reference are employed to designate corresponding parts in the several figures.

Referring now more particularly to that form of the torch illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, it will be noted from Fig. 1 that the torch includes four separable elements, to Wit, a head H, a tip connector C, a gland G, and a tip T. The head comprises a body 1 of suitable external contour and having a laterally directed neck 1 adapted for the reception of three tubes 2, 3, 4, through the rst of which oxygen at high pressure, through the second of which oxygen ata lower pressure, and through the third of which acetylene or other gas is supplied to the head. Within the head, passages 2', 3', 4 are arranged to conduct these gases from the several pipes toward the center of the head which is bored out to form a generally conical socket for the reception of the correspondingly cone-shaped end 6 of the connector C which is integral with the generally cylindrical body '7 of the connector extending `co axially from the end 6 and of less diameter than the latter with resultant formation of a shoulder 8 against which the inner end of the annular gland G abuts when the parts are assembled, the

gland being threaded into the larger end of the,

opening in the head so as to maintain the connector and head in proper operative assembly and effect a sealing contact between the conical end of the connector and the wall of the conical bore in the head.

The tip connector has an axial bore 10 which, adjacent its outer end, may be taper -reamed as shown, while the head 1 adjacent the end of this bore may be cored out to provide a chrnber 11 communicating with the inner end of the passage 2', thus enabling the high pressure oxygen pass into the bore 10 in the tip connector.

Adjacent the inner ends of the passages 3', 4' annular grooves are respectively formed in the wall of the conical bore in the head and corresponding grooves respectively aligned therewith are provided in the surfaceof the conical end of the tip connector so that separate annular chambers 12 and 13 are provided into which low pressure oxygen from tube 3 and the acetylene or other gas from the tube 4 can pass. From the chamber 12 a plurality of small holes or passages 14, desirably symmetrically annularly spaced, are extended in the tip connector to its outer end and a short hole or passage 15 extended from each of them to the annular chamber 13 with the result that the low pressure oxygen and acetylene can enter the passages 14 and, while mixing together therein, pass to the outer extremity of the tip connector upon the supported the tip T, desirably by providing the latter at its rear end bore 20 cooperative with the correspondingly threaded end of the tip connector, thus permitting the tip to be readily assembled on or removed from the latter.

The tip connector and tip are both desirably formed of copper, brass or the like and the former so arranged as to deliver a substantially chisel-shaped or fantail flame, and while various means and methods may be employed in the construction of the tip I prefer to form it from a cylindrical blank in the following way: The blank, which is of greater diameter than the finished diameter of the tip, is first centrally bored from one end to the other and then taper-reamed to provide a conical hole extending inwardly from adjacent end of which is with an internally threaded.

one end of the blank for a considerable distance and having its larger end adjacent thereto. I then counterbore the opposite end of the blank coaxially with the conical bore to approximately the diameter and length of the threaded end of the tip connector, the conical bore and counterbore being respectively designated as a and b in Fig. 2, which shows the blank at the conclusion of these operations. The end of the blank adjacent the larger end of the bore a is `subjected to pressure at opposite ends of a diameter, conveniently by placing the end of the blank between .the jaws of a vise, until the mouth or end of the bore is reduced to substantially the form of an ellipse in which the major axis is approximately four times the length of the minor. The blank is then removed from the vise or other machine through which the pressure was applied and turned or otherwise machined to the desired iinished diameter and the counterbore b threaded and finished at its inner end so as to provide a generally annular chamber 21 from which a plurality of annularly spaced small passages or holes 22 are drilled through to the extremity of the burner, the arrangement and disposition of these holes being preferably substantially as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. By these several operations a tip of the character of that illustrated in the said figures may be readily formed, and from an inspection thereof it will be noted that extending from the chamber 21 at the inner end ofthe threaded counterbore it embodies a central passage 23 (desirably reamed to cylindrical form after the completion of the compressing operation on the tip) approximating in diameter the outer end of the passage 10 in the tip connector and merging at its outer end into a generally fan-.shaped orifice or nozzle opening 25 of substantially elliptical cross section which terminates at the outer end of the tip, this orifice being in effect surrounded by the extremities of the passages 22 forming ports 22 and certain of which are desirably disposed more nearly adjacent the orifice than others thereof, as best shown in Fig. 3.

With the parts constructed and assembled substantially as described, it will be apparent that when the torch is in operation, oxygen under high pressure is admitted from pipe 2,1which is suitably valve-controlled, to the passage 10 and thence passes into the central passage in the tip and is ejected therefrom in a form determined by the conguration of the orifice or nozzle 25; at the same time the oxygen under low pressure and the acetylene respectively pass into the annular chambers 12 and 13 and thence through the. passages 14 into the annular chamber 21, being mixed together in the passages and also in the chamber. From the latter the Oxy-acetylene mixture is discharged at the end of the tip through the ports or passages 22 and after ignition thus forms a plurality of preheating flames surrounding the main oxygen discharge from the elliptical orifice 25. The tubes 3 and 4 are desirably valve con# trolled and the oxygen supplied by the latter is fect therein so as to remove the latter and leave a correspondingly wide comparatively shallow depression in the surface ofrthe metal which does not injuriously affect or show-up in the articles ultimately formed thereof, so that by the use of the torch the surface defects in the ingot may be very rapidly and satisfactorily removed, while the necessity for dressing up or re-shaping the cuts formed by thetorch is entirely obviated.

In Figs. 6 to 11 I have shownanother .form of torch constructed in accordance withmy-inventionand adapted to produce a flame which operates on the ingot very much as an ordinary carpenters gouge operates on a block of wood and consequently tends to form a depression relatively wide in comparison to its maximum depth, the sides of whch curve upwardly in opposite directions to meet the surface of the billet, a cross section of the depression thus approximating the segment of a circle. In general, the construction of the head H and gland G are vsimilar to those hitherto described and reference thereto would therefore be superfluous, but the tip connector C is made much shorter and at its outer end is exteriorly threaded for the reception of a sleeve S, correspondingly internally threaded at its inner end, and is also counterbored adjacent the end of the passage 10 and internally threaded to .receive the correspondingly externally threaded end 30 of the tip T.

The latter, as well as the tip connector and sleeve, is desirably formed of copper or brass and may be enlarged slightly in internal diameter in line with the body of the tip so as to provide, when the parts are assembled, an annular mixing chamber 3'1, and a plurality-of lsmall passages 38 are drilled in the sleeve so as to extend from the outer end of this chamber to the extremity of the sleeve,these passages supplementing the passages 35 and of course being spaced farther from the axis of the tip.

It will thus be apparent that in this form of the invention the high and low pressure oxygen and the acetylene or other gas enter the head in the manner hitherto described, and that the high pressure oxygen thence passes through the passage 10 and the central passage 39 in the burner tip to emerge through the peculiarly shaped nozzle orifice 33 which -is effective to so form the flame that it is capable of exertng a gouging action on the metal of the ingot as already stated. The low pressure oxygen and acetylene, passing respectively into the annular chambers 12, 13, are thence delivered by the passages 14 to whence they pass through the passages 34 and 38 and produce a plurality of small flames which act as preheating-ames and surround the central ame or jet.

It is thus apparent that by the use of either of the forms of torches which I have descrt'bed it is possible to speedily and satisfactorily remove surface defects from ingots, billets or the like without leaving fissures, cracks or cuts there- Preferably frOm a blank 0f the general Shape 0f in of such character as to be objectionable in the that shown in Fig. 8, comprising a cylindrical neck c having at one end an enlarged annular head d and centrally bored from one end to the other to provide a conical tapered passage b. The head of this blank during the manufacture of the tip is subjected to pressure along a diameter substantially in the manner heretofore described until it assumes a generally elliptical cross section with its longer axis considerably in excess of its shorter. Thereupon, a reamer of greater diameter than the lminor axis of the ellipse at its outer end is run through the blank coaxially with the undeformed part of the bore b and the outs de of the tip when turned` or otherwise brought to a cylindrical contour' with the extremity or outer end 31 of the tip of slightly greater diameter than the body 32 thereof as best shown in Fig. 9. As a result a nozzle 'open-l ing 33 is formed at the end of the tip which is circular in cross section at the center but has a pair of diametrically opposed slots or' channels 34 respectively disposed on opposite sides thereof, these channels being formed by theextremities of the elliptical opening resulting from the crushing of the head of the blank.

The enlarged end 31 of the t'p is provided with a plurality of small passages 35 extending from the shoulder presented at its juncture with the body 32 to its outer end and there forming ports 35, these passages and ports age of gas between the parts at this point and being annularlyf spaced about the centralopening and desirablyV subsequent operations to be performed thereon factory for the performance of their intended functon. do not readily get out of order under the conditions ofuse to which theyrare necessarily subjected. and lnally, can be operated by wrkrnen of ordinary intelligence with entirely satisfactory results after a minimum amount of instruction.

While I have herein described with considerableparticularity certain forms of torches constructed in accordance with my invention, I do not thereby desire orlintend to limit or confine myself to any precise details in the design, method of assembly and/ or arrangement of the various parts as the same are capable of modification and variation in numerous particulars if desired without'departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. while the practice of my improved method. though capable of efficient and satisfactory performance with torches of the character of those to which I have referred. is in no way limited thereto and may 'be carried out by means of other instrumentalities if preferred.

HavingI thus described my invention, I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States:

1. A gouging torch of the class described comprising a head, a tip connector removably' seated therein, means for maintaining the connector in assembled relation with the head, a tip removably seated on the end of the connector and havthe annular mixing chamber 37,

Moreover, the

ing a nozzle orifice of substantially elliptical cross section the walls of said orifice intersectingin acute angles at the extremities of its line of greatest dimension and a plurality of ports each of relatively smaller area than the orifice disposed thereabout and extending angularly outwardly with respect to the axis of the tip, means for conducting a mixture of air and gas to each of said ports, and means for conducting gas to said orice providing a cylindrical passage communicating therewith, the diameter of said passage being greater than the smaller dimension of the orifice and less than its greater dimension.

2. In a gouging torch of the class described a tip having a substantially elliptical nozzle orice the oppitely curved bounding edges of which Y intersect in acute angles at the ends of its major axis, said tip being adapted to discharge a stream of gas of substantially elliptical cross sectional form, a plurality of' spaced ports adjacent the orifice and each of smaller effective area than the effective area of the orifice and passages terminating in said ports extending angularly out- Wardly with respect to the axis of the tip.

3. A gouging torch of the class described comprising a head, a tip, and an element connecting the head and the tip, said element and said tip forming a passage terminating at the end of the tip in a substantially elliptical discharge orifice, the oppositely curved bounding edges of said orice intersecting in acute'angles at opposite sides of the tip, said angles forming the extremities of the greater dimension of the orice, said tip also having a plurality of divergent passages terminating in ports spaced from the orifice and from each other, and means for conductin an ignitable gaseous mixture to the passages.

4. A gouging torch of the class described comprising a head, a tip connector having one end seated therein, means for maintaining the connector in assembled relation with the head, a tip carried by the connector and having a nozzle orice bounded by curved edges intersecting in acute angles at the ends of its line of greatest dimension, the central portions of said edges forming arcs of a circle, a sleeve surrounding the tip and arranged to provide a mixing chamber between the tip and the inner wall of the sleeve and a plurality of outwardly divergent passages extending to the end of the tip from said chamber, the ends of said passages being spaced from the nozzle orifice, and means for introducing gases respectively into said chamber and said orifice.

5. In a gougingtorch of the class described, a tip having a nozzle orifice boundedby oppositely curved edges intersecting in acute angles at the ends of its line of greatest dimension and adapted to impart a gouge-shaped contour to a llame produced by combustion of a gaseous uid issuing therefrom, means for conducting gas to said orice, a plurality of ports arranged about the orifice and spaced therefrom and from each other, and means providing a plurality of divergent passages adapted to conduct gases to said ports.

EDWARD H. HENDRICKS. 

